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          <p>　　前阵子在看王朔的全集，94 年出版的，当时大概还是王朔人正当红，全集有四本——《纯情卷》、《谐虐卷》、《矫情卷》、《挚情卷》，四本书的封面上都印着王朔年轻的脸。看了两本半，后来就放下去看其他的书了，原本是想看完全集，得到一个完整印象才写读后感，但想到放下就不知道什么时候会重新拿起来，索性就按看过的部分写一篇感想。<br>　　以纯情小说出道的王朔，爱情主题在他的作品里占有很大的比重，不过作者的自觉性又让他没有一条道走到黑，也正是因为这种自觉让他在千篇一律的名家作品中有自己的位置，提到王朔，人们常会说他的语言风格，文笔， 反传统。从高处去看，褒和贬都各有各自的拥趸。我无意做非黑即白的定论，所以只说看到的几个有趣的小细节。<br>　　先前说到王朔的自觉，写作的自觉是一部分，对自己认识的自觉又是另一部分，当然因为写出来成文的原因大概也免不了多少粉饰自己，比如这段：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>　　那些一本正经的道德君子和实开家们就一定比用放荡的方式逃避两旁的人生活得更有意义。我只是想说，我是个世俗观念很强的人。我很在乎面子、名利以及在别人眼中的价值。和不想从年轻时就鬼混一生。我不是亿万富翁颓废的继承者，我的野心和自尊使我不甘沦落，我要有我的那一席之地。我没有可供挥霍的资本，我必须像个初到一大城市的究光蛋在新社会里一点点积聚起自己的财富。所以你可以得出结论：我决意告别放荡的生活不是出于顿悟、悔过，仅是一贯的自私个性必定使然。</p>
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          <p>　　因为某天坐地铁的时候忽然想到《黑衣人3》的结尾，因为特工 J 吃饭给了小费而避免了彗星撞击地球导致世界毁灭的蝴蝶效应现象。忽然想起第二部好像没看过，就抽空看了一下。<br>　　<br>　　在还没拍成电影之前，他还是一部动画片，记得以前在 CCTV 1 套每天下午播放，每天两集，但因为每次都在放学前就开始放了，所以导致我都只能看一集半，不过即使这样也无法阻止我当时对他的热爱。虽然现在关于动画的剧情已经忘记大半了，但永远都记得里面那些光怪陆离的外星人，会说话的狗，还有感觉湿滑柔软的竹节虫样子的外星人，还有脑袋打开里面坐着操控人类身体的外星人，以及被黑衣人用枪爆出各种颜色液体的外星人们。这些都让我在还没搞清楚爱国是怎么回事的时候，就已经先爱起了宇宙，在个人、共产、世界等各种主义进入脑子之前，就已经先是个银河主义者。<br>　　<br>　　电影是零二年的，现在看画面有些粗糙，电影主要讲的是一个外星人要来地球夺取另一个星球的外星人留在地球的武器的故事。<br>　　<br>　　电影总结一句话，好看。结局的彩蛋也很有意思。另外我有注意到就是虽然电影的画面特效做的不是很好，但是比起现在的科幻片多了很多创意，以及一些古灵精怪的小点子。比如在邮局暴露出其他员工是外星人的一段口技，在餐厅找钥匙的冷幽默等等。画面的劣势很好的被其他的东西填补了，这大概是这类老派的科幻片的特点吧，画面不够脑洞来凑。<br>　　<br>　　科技除了给人带来日常生活的便利，促进各行各业的发展以外，在电影方面，尤其是科幻电影的特效越来越酷炫，酷到震撼，炫到眼花缭乱。但工业化的制作，也让现在的许多科幻电影同质化很严重，必要的铺垫之后一顿狂轰滥炸，陷入危机，反转，解决危机，最后男女主人公一起共创美好未来。当然美好未来并没有什么错，只是重复的太多，美好也显得不那么真实。我想到 C.S.路易斯谈论童话故事的结局:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>　　如果我们把“他们从此幸福地生活在一起”这个古老的童话故事的结尾理解为，“在随后的五十年里他们的感觉和结婚前一日完全一样”，那么，这个结尾讲述的可能是一件从未真实，也永远不会真实，倘若真实便令人非常讨厌的事。</p>
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          <p>　　上个礼拜去看了《神奇动物：格林德沃之罪》，和哈利波特系列比起来，精美壮观许多，如果不考虑人物关系，他更像后传，在内容上，延伸远多过补充。德普在这一部的戏份比上一部多，作为一个大反派，他的思想核心在所有的电影反派里也应该是数一数二站的住脚的了，用建立一个法师凌驾在麻瓜之上的阶级社会，来阻止预言中所看到二战的核弹爆炸，这让他的邪恶都蒙上一层睿智和远见的色彩，墓地里的会议，纯血法师整齐围成圈，恍如一个大豪门，魔法部的执行人员们从黑暗中走出来，都像在海上风雨飘摇的小舟。<br>　　<br>　　故事主线是克雷登斯的身世之谜，但直在最后解开谜底之前，我仍然对克雷登斯这一部分的人物关系感到有些混乱，可能是内容太多的缘故，让前一部看起来就像围棋开始的一步闲手，或是序章，所有的主要铺垫内容都放在这一部一口气给交待了。还在凡人和法师为什么不能恋爱的规则里疑问，克雷登斯就找到家族的女仆，就和魔法部的人起冲突，但魔法部的人怎么又是格林德沃的帮凶。才从下水道的囚禁，黑人原来是个坏人的恍然大悟出来，邓布利多和格林德沃的回忆怎么看起来 gaygay 的。又有新的华丽魔法和可爱动物让人眼花缭乱，只能有些泄气的承认，我大概可能不是 HP 宇宙的核心粉吧。<br>　　<br>　　看完缕清了所有人物关系，觉得有几处印象深刻，纽特和女巫姐姐从误会到重修旧好，火蜥蜴眼睛的比喻，笨拙可爱。女巫妹妹最后会跟随格林德沃一点也不奇怪，从讲故事上的手法来说，也是作为一个从中立阵营走向邪恶阵营的例子，举一反三的可以窥见其他法师们追随格林德沃的理由，但还是忍不住吐槽，为了爱情参加革命，因为革命而抛弃爱情这种桥段，原来魔法世界也不屡见不鲜。裘德洛演邓布利多，除了发际线比老邓布利多还要靠后，感觉像 BUG，其他没有任何毛病。克雷登斯最后落单的女随从，我觉得她在下一部的剧情应该会起到不小的作用。格林德沃预言中显示的坦克和核弹爆炸的蘑菇云，让我感觉一下子打穿了魔法世界和现实世界的壁垒，想到后面一切如预言显示的如期出现，不由得有些悲观的想，是不是魔法和想象力都不能阻止人类自我毁灭？<br>　　<br>　　最后，比起所有阴谋诡计，我还是比较喜欢作为点缀出现的神奇动物们。</p>

      
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          <p>学习地址：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0014316089557264a6b348958f449949df42a6d3a2e542c000">Python 教程</a><br>其他：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#abs">官网-函数列表</a></p>
<h2 id="一、基础笔记"><a href="#一、基础笔记" class="headerlink" title="一、基础笔记"></a>一、基础笔记</h2>
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          <blockquote class="blockquote-center">　　鹿同时是阿喀琉斯和乌龟，同时是弓和箭：它们奔跑着，却永远追不到自己；
它们停下来，有些东西却永远留在身外继续疾驰。</blockquote>

<p>　　这是《动物集》里的一段话，我很喜欢。因为把他从小说里摘出来放在某本诗集里，也丝毫没有违和感，充满想象力和诗意。作者是胡安.何塞.阿雷奥拉，墨西哥人，名字有些绕口，不过比起人名本身就可以搭成迷宫的俄罗斯人也还算好。然后因为这本书我又买了他的另一本书《寓言集》。<br>　　最近读完。相比之下，更喜欢的还是《动物集》，虽然《寓言集》也不乏灵光闪现的片段，比如《独角犀》《一个被驯化的女人》，但有几篇比如模仿购物宣广告的文章，现在看不免有些俗气，借由商品简介来讽刺人类的劣根性，虽然把人类的丑陋都精确的说到点上了，但总有些在讽刺人上用力过度的感觉，显得小气。最好的是《铁路扳道工》，有一些科幻的元素，底下放着对体制的讽刺，买了固定站点的票，却不一定在固定站点停靠，驶往深渊的铁道，因为火车翻车便建起的小镇，充满荒诞又值得深思的细节。<br>　　再说其他有印象的几篇，《山震》没怎么看懂，如果是讽刺人们以讹传讹，太浅且无趣。《尘世生活费》不带批判性的看，有趣，但仍然流于表面，少了几分蕴藉之美。<br>　　《上帝的沉默》里和上帝的通信，让我想到了 C.S.路易斯的《返璞归真》，循循善诱的态度，最后上帝的回信，劝诫朴实真诚，只是和我印象里圣经中上帝的口气有所出入，也因为这个想到，即便只存在一个上帝，但不同人口里传出来的上帝应该都不是同一个。或者说，每个人都有自己的上帝。<br>　　《声誉》是我第二喜欢的故事，从小事——公交车让位，讽刺人们为声誉所累，太过于在意别人的眼光而一次又一次做出违背自己内心的选择。比起前阵子很火的《无声告白》里写的在别人的期待中活着，最终无以为继选择自杀，讲的其实是同一回事，主动被动的区别。不过少了很多苦大仇深，俏皮又不乏冷峻。<br>　　《乡下人》和《奇异的毫克》是两个很相似的故事，写的都是人们的虚妄和盲目不自知。《奇异的毫克》描写的主体是蚂蚁，群居性的人类确实有一些蚁群的特征。<br>　　《夏娃》重写了夏娃和亚当的相识追逐相爱，故事的气质给我感觉是由一个史诗孵化出了另一个史诗。但仔细想又有一些不太贴切，史诗太过庞大。精确一点是，在另一部圣经里当做开头，也不违和。<br>　　《那波尼德斯》复现了古巴比伦巨大石碑在由那波尼德斯主观驱动下的整个产生过程。诞生始于一种偏执，毁灭也始于一种偏执。<br>　　《给一个补坏鞋子的鞋匠的信》我十分怀疑是作者的鞋子被补坏后的游戏之作，哪怕把一些不满和碎碎念用修辞比喻包装起来也不是很好看。但假设作者想说的对象，不止是鞋匠，因为一些建议放在其他职业身上也同样合适，把立意拔高展开，这么看这篇寓言被放在书的最后，似乎也有他一定的道理。<br>　　整本书读完和反刍完，给我整体的印象还是不错的。就仍有些疑问，为什么这种风格的寓言短篇总是会有一遭没一遭的脑子里闪过博尔赫斯的名字，寓言这种类型是不是必须要有所寓意才能称为寓言，可不可以写一个他的寓意本身就是寓言的寓言故事。</p>
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          <p>*　　偶尔在知乎、少数派或其他社区资讯网站上看文章，会发现有的文章看起来很舒服，有的感觉怪怪的，变扭。细究之下，大概就是排版的原因。那么如何学习好的排版呢，再细究，发现里面的学问也有不少，如何分段落，如何引用图片，以及句子段落本身的排版。刻意去看了下<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/mzlogin/chinese-copywriting-guidelines">中文文案排版指北</a>，这里介绍了一些中文文案，中英文排版约定俗成的标准，而且许多网站也都引入了这些标准。值得学习，那现在就一起来看看。*</p>
<p>　　第一部分讲空格，引言有这么一段：</p>
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          <p>　　看了曹文轩的《草房子》，内容讲的是发生桑桑这个小主人公周围的事，有孩子的故事，也有大人的故事。<br>　　<br>　　叙事口吻平淡朴实，像静谧的流水，又像傍晚从远处村庄传来带着泥土气息的风，让人也不由自主的想起自己的童年时光，就好像成年后在某个瞬间想起小时候放学经过正开饭的陌生人家闻到饭菜的味道，那个瞬间中所处的情景和记忆中的画面，便重叠串在一起。这本书也有类似的力量。<br>　　<br>　　书里写了许多大概每个人童年都会发生的事情，一个让人印象深刻的漂亮女孩，一个早早退学的朋友，一个在学校里因为彼此都很优秀而暗地里较真的小伙伴，还有因为人小所以身不由己的当了大人的传声筒，卷进大人们的爱情故事里。甚至是每个人都可能生过的一场发生在童年无可避免的大病。</p>
<p>　　在那个大人的爱情故事里出现的男主人公，是桑桑的老师，那个老师是个很特别的人，会在节日庆典组织学生排练舞蹈，会在河边吹笛子吹出悠扬的曲子，穿白衬衫，皮鞋，英俊潇洒。在那种封闭的小村庄里，那样的人似乎很少，但又似乎每个村子都会有那么一两个那样的人。<br>　　<br>　　我童年记忆里像那样代表性的人大概是我的小学语文老师，爱扎羊角辫和马尾，都很好看。有时会提着一桶衣服穿过两三条街道，到我们家旁边的那条河洗衣服，我有时候会站在家门口偷看，看她把衣服放在河里，攥着一角轻轻摆动，涤荡干净。她夏天爱穿裙子，快分开的那个夏天，她总喜欢穿的是一条淡绿色的裙子，常常在我们早读的时候站在教室外的阳台上，发呆，眺望远方，有风的时候，裙子会轻轻扬起来。以致于在我反复回忆起这段记忆的时候，有时候想不起老师的样子，但裙子的颜色却越发鲜艳起来。</p>
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          <p>　　A：”就站在比较正的三观上来说，每个人有权利选择自己的生活方式。你每天上网无所事事做咸鱼，我每天上班为生活疲于奔命，其实没什么优劣之分，只是做了不同的选择而已。但我还是想问，这一切的意义在哪里，你的人生的意义在哪，人生需要意义吗？”<br>　　B：“我都打算出家当和尚的人，你就别问我人生意义了。你觉得你的人生意义又是什么？”<br>　　A：“就以前和你讲过的那样，呆在山脚下，就觉得应该上山看看，以后和人说知足常乐这几个字，不会显得那么没底气。”<br>　　B：“如果你现在死了，你会觉得遗憾吗？”<br>　　A：“不会吧。”<br>　　B：“嗯？”<br>　　A：“我又不是处！”<br>　　B：“去你妈的。我觉得我不会遗憾，虽然很多东西都没吃到，很多地方都没去过，但我觉得我过得挺开心的。”<br>　　A：“我想我也不会遗憾吧。主要是遗憾没什么用，如果必须死的话，说不定我还不会遗憾，我会试图说服自己接受去死，毕竟有那么多宗教，可以信信来生啊什么的。这一点上我还是比较犬儒的。”<br>　　……<br>　　A：“其实我们现在说的想的，什么精神啊思想的，早就有人这么说过做过了，我们只是在不断地重复而已。”<br>　　B：“是吗，那你说，我们要怎样才可以不重复啊？”<br>　　A：“怎样都会重复的，所以学哲学家说空话是没什么用的，只有德先生和赛先生才可以拯救世界。”<br>　　<br>　　和朋友进行了一次一棒子打死哲学家的谈话之后，非常打脸的，我看完了一本谈论哲学的书，《柏拉图和鸭嘴兽一起去酒吧》。<br>　　人们普遍对哲学的印象是深奥，拗口，诡辩，对哲学家的印象是严肃，爱钻牛角尖，动不动就因为想不明白终极问题去自杀。但这本书则完全推翻了那些刻板印象，他展示了一个有趣生动的哲学，甚至还非常接地气的说了一连串的荤段子。可能他不是第一个想到把严肃的事变得轻松甚至荒诞的人，但在哲学这个体系他应该是第一个说女人像鲜花的人，他向人们展示了一种把哲学的严肃稀释掉的可能。<br>　　这本书结合笑话向读者构建了一个微小的哲学体系，就像一个颇负盛名的苍蝇馆，菜单可能不够丰富和精致，但剑走偏锋还能做出地道的美食这点，就值得让人竖起拇指称赞。对这本书的结论是，不懂哲学的，适合看， 懂哲学的，更适合看。能让外行人看热闹，内行人看门道，也是这本书出彩的一个地方，好的东西不一定都能雅俗共赏，但能雅俗共赏的一定是好的东西。<br>　　书以外的，有一个不算正确甚至可能是用力过度的想法是，除了悲剧会刻意用喜剧的外壳包装和喜剧的样子本来就是喜剧（不谈内核）以外，其他的各种事物，他们的样子应当是他们本来的样子，历史应当庄重，哲学应当严肃，笑话固然好看，但把所有的事都用笑话包装起来却不一定是好事。不只是这一个点，从许多事上似乎可以看到这种趋势：人们热衷于创造和接受把严肃的事物讲成一个笑话，在心里不放下任何一种庄重的情感。这是不是意味着我们已经在各个方面向《娱乐至死》里所描写的世界迈进了?<br>　　用力过度的想法以外的，用哲学的理论来看，这个想法完全符合因为一个错误的观点得出正确的结论，所以让观点看起来也像正确的。这在哲学上叫 Affirming the Consequent，肯定结果的谬误。</p>

      
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